PROJECT NARRATIVE The proposed K01 Award?'Evaluating the Risks and Benefits of the Next Generation of Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Tests??will enable the candidate to acquire the academic background, research experience, and professional skills to become an independent ELSI investigator exploring the risks and benefits of current and emerging direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic tests.

PROJECT NARRATIVE This study aims to analyze how diversity and inclusionary practices are conceptualized and operationalized by a range of stakeholders in precision medicine research in order to support the creation of policies and approaches that will achieve goals for greater inclusion of historically marginalized populations in biomedical research.

This Pathway to Independence Award (K99/R00) will prepare the candidate to become an interdisciplinary ELSI researcher conducting high-impact, independently funded research exploring the impact of genetic and other biological explanations for addictions and other psychiatric disorders on attitudes and beliefs about health and identity. The research will examine how genetic attributions for addiction relate to beliefs about individual agency and treatment effectiveness among people with addictive disorders and clinicians who treat them.

PROJECT NARRATIVE This application builds on the R01 study the Ethics of Inclusion: Diversity in Precision Medicine Research and aims to investigate the preferences of African American and Hispanic/Latino communities, including the uninsured, who are being recruited into precision medicine research for different types of genetic test results and their expectations and needs for information and resources to allow for informed, validated follow-up of research results and clinical care.

PROJECT NARRATIVE Preparation is often cited as a reason for offering and for accepting prenatal genetic screening and diagnosis. However, this term has no clear definition, and thus it is impossible either to prove benefit or to recommend best practices.

Project Narrative Genomic technologies promise to transform our understandings of human biology and history, and offer unprecedented power to influence the health of individuals and generations. Such knowledge and power imply immense responsibility to use them in ways that promote social and ethical values. The proposed training program will nurture a diverse cadre of diverse interdisciplinary scholars prepared to critically and respectfully engage with the profound ethical, legal and social (ELSI) challenges raised by genomic technologies.

This Pathway to Independence Award (K99/R00) will prepare the candidate to become an interdisciplinary ELSI researcher with a high-quality, independently funded research program exploring the influence of the genome sciences ? including epigenetics ? on conceptualizations and understandings of health, disease, and individual responsibility. This study examines conceptualizations of epigenetics related to children's psychiatric, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental health and their translation to community settings.

Project Narrative The lack of American Indian and Alaska Native professionals in genomic sciences today highlights the tremendous need for effective training and research programs to prepare the next generation of indigenous students to be successful in their pursuit of careers in genetics research. This program combines didactic and experiential training activities, together with indigenous and community-based models of learning, to engage underrepresented Native students in research on the ethical, legal, and social implications of genomics research.

PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project will explore the ethical, social, and cultural issues of the American Indians in regards to genetic research. Engaging tribal leaders and relevant stakeholders such as scientists, clinicians, and policy makers on issues around genetic research will create a more complete understanding of these challenges and enable them to create policies that may permit greater participation by American Indians and their tribes.

PROJECT NARRATIVE We will undertake epidemiological, historical and mixed-methods analysis of nearly 30,000 eugenic sterilization requests processed by three U.S. states: California, North Carolina, and Iowa, between 1919 and 1974. Working with de-identified datasets and using methods we developed during the R21 phase of this project, we will estimate and compare population-based rates of sterilization according to gender, age, ethnicity, nationality, diagnosis, state, and time period.