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NIH Aug 13, 2019 | R21
Developing Clinical Translational Tools to Communicate Genetic Risk to Individuals who are at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis
Institution: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
FOA Number: PA-18-344
Abstract
Great strides are being made in identifying early signs that put people in a 'high risk state' for illnesses, enabling identification during what has been called a 'high risk state'. Individuals in a 'high-risk state' are starting to show signs of a disorder, but do not yet have the full disorder. At the same time, advances are being made in identifying genes associated with 'high-risk states'. How people interpret the increased genetic risk of developing the full disorder carries important consequences for how they choose to respond, which may range from fatalistic acceptance of the disorder to proactive preventative behavior. One way of framing genetic risk, 'genetic malleability', stresses that genes confer a modifiable risk that may be turned on or off by risky or protective behavior, or by engaging in treatment. Specifically, the 'malleability' framing may promote personal efficacy, and hence improved treatment engagement, in potentially averting the expression of genes that induce a disorder. With the aim to encourage an active pro-health response, we seek to develop two tools to convey genetic risk information to youth and young adults identified as in a 'clinical high-risk state' (CHR) for psychosis. The two tools will consist of: 1) a clinician manual, designed to be used by non-genetic trained clinicians to communicate risk to CHR youth; 2) a high-impact, computerized tutorial ('AutoTutor') that has been used to convey genetic risk for the BRCA gene for breast cancer. We assess primary outcomes of increased intent to promote treatment and healthy behaviors, and secondary outcomes of reduction in stigma. For each tool, participants will be conveyed hypothetical information proposing being identified as having a substantially elevated, genetically-malleable risk for developing psychosis. Development of a manual has the potential to guide clinical interactions among non-genetics trained clinicians with CHR youth, while an interactive, computer-based tool for CHR youth supports self-management. Understanding how this genetic framing may impact 'high risk' individuals' orientation to treatment is crucial because the 'high-risk' state is a juncture where preventive actions or early intervention may alter the illness trajectory itself. Because of the relatively large innovation involved in our project, we seek to establish initial acceptability, safety, and efficacy of each tool. We then test a nonrandomized, within-subject, pre- vs. post design by examining whether providing the 'genetic malleable' framing via each tool (n=27 CHR youth per tool, N=54 total) leads to improved outcomes. Because the CHR is prototypical of 'high-risk states' in that CHR has identifiable genetic and environmental/behavioral risk factors, these new translational tools could greatly facilitate dissemination of a beneficial genetic malleability framing to high-risk individuals. This study could be transformative in providing genetic information to maximize treatment engagement among those in high-risk states, thus contributing greatly to public health.
FUNDING AGENCY:
Funder:
NIHInstitute:
NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTEFunding Type:
R21Project Number:
R21HG010420Start Date:
Aug 13, 2019End Date:
Jul 31, 2021PROJECT TERMS:
Abbreviations, Address, Age, Attenuated, base, Behavior, Behavioral, behavioral outcome, Belief, brca gene, Breast Cancer gene, Breast Cancer Risk Factor, Clinical, computerized, Computers, Control Groups, design, Development, Diabetes Mellitus, Diagnosis, Disease, Distant, Early Intervention, Effectiveness, efficacy testing, essentialism, Exposure to, Future, Gene Expression, Genes, Genetic, Genetic Determinism, genetic discrimination, genetic information, Genetic Risk, Goals, Health, Health Promotion, high risk, improved, improved outcome, Individual, innovation, Link, Literature, malleable risk, Manuals, modifiable risk, National Human Genome Research Institute, non-genetic, Outcome, Participant, prevent, Preventive, primary outcome, protective behavior, psychogenetics, Psychotic Disorders, Public Health, Randomized Clinical Trials, Research, response, Risk, Risk Behaviors, Risk Factors, risk variant, Safety, Sampling, secondary outcome, Self Management, social stigma, Stress, Testing, Time, tool, Training, uptake, Work, young adult, Youth